Evidence with a purpose.

Second Nationally Determined Contribution (SNDC): in pursuit of 8% economic growth, environmental protection and vulnerable groups are overlooked

Jakarta, October 24, 2025 — The government has just released the draft of the Second Nationally Determined Contribution (SNDC), which is planned for submission to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) ahead of COP 30 this November in Brazil. During a public consultation session held by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, officials acknowledged that the delay in submitting the SNDC document was due to difficulties in aligning targets across sectors. In fact, unde