Pada 18 Juni 2025, CELIOS merilis laporan kritis bertajuk “Ko Peras Desa Merah Putih: Risiko Hukum Menanti Kepala Desa”. Laporan ini mengungkap cacat hukum, risiko korupsi, serta potensi mobilisasi politik dalam program Koperasi Desa Merah Putih (Kopdes MP) yang digagas pemerintah pusat melalui Instruksi Presiden No. 9/2025. CELIOS menegaskan bahwa pembentukan Kopdes MP tidak memiliki dasar hukum yang sah, hanya berlandaskan Inpres dan surat edaran lintas kementerian—dua instrumen yang tidak berwenang membentuk lembaga pengelola dana publik.
Pelaksanaan program ini dinilai melanggar sejumlah Undang-Undang, termasuk UU Desa, UU Perkoperasian, dan UU Tipikor. Laporan CELIOS mencatat sedikitnya 15 potensi pelanggaran hukum yang dapat menjerat kepala desa, mulai dari penyalahgunaan dana desa hingga gratifikasi jabatan. Skema pendanaan melalui pinjaman bank Himbara berbasis dana desa bahkan ditemukan berisiko menimbulkan praktik korupsi berjamaah, dengan potensi kerugian keuangan desa mencapai Rp4,8 triliun per tahun.
Selain persoalan hukum, CELIOS menyoroti potensi penggunaan Kopdes MP sebagai alat mobilisasi politik. Penunjukan kepala desa sebagai ketua koperasi tanpa mekanisme demokratis menjadikan posisi ini sebagai simpul distribusi bantuan, pembentuk loyalitas politik, sekaligus pengendali informasi warga. Temuan lapangan menunjukkan 35% perangkat desa melihat adanya kepentingan politik dalam program ini, sementara simulasi CELIOS memperkirakan 80.000 koperasi dengan 100 anggota aktif berpotensi menggerakkan hingga 5,6 juta suara—cukup untuk mempengaruhi hasil Pemilu 2029. Laporan ini hadir sebagai peringatan dini atas risiko pembajakan demokrasi lokal melalui skema ekonomi populis yang tidak transparan, dan mendesak evaluasi total kebijakan sebelum krisis akuntabilitas tata kelola dana desa semakin dalam.
CELIOS released a critical report titled “Ko Peras Desa Merah Putih: Legal Risks Await Heads of Village.” The report exposes legal flaws, corruption risks, and the potential for political mobilization within the Merah Putih Village Cooperative (Kopdes MP) program initiated by the central government through Presidential Instruction No. 9/2025. CELIOS highlights that the establishment of Kopdes MP lacks a legitimate legal foundation, as it is based solely on a presidential instruction and ministerial circulars—two instruments that have no authority to create institutions managing public funds.
The implementation of this program is deemed to violate several laws, including the Village Law, the Cooperative Law, and the Anti-Corruption Law. CELIOS identified at least 15 potential legal violations that could implicate heads of village, ranging from misuse of village funds to gratification offenses. The financing scheme—using village funds as cooperative capital to secure loans from state-owned banks (Himbara)—was also found to carry the risk of systemic corruption, with potential losses to village finances reaching up to IDR 4.8 trillion per year.
Beyond the legal issues, CELIOS warns that Kopdes MP could function as a political mobilization tool. Heads of village are appointed as cooperative leaders without democratic procedures, positioning them as key distributors of aid, builders of political loyalty, and controllers of community information. Field findings reveal that 35% of village officials see political interests embedded in the program, while CELIOS simulations estimate that 80,000 cooperatives with 100 active members each could mobilize up to 5.6 million votes—enough to significantly sway the outcome of the 2029 elections. This report serves as an early warning against the capture of local democracy through a populist economic scheme rife with vested interests, urging a full policy evaluation before the accountability crisis in village fund governance deepens further.
Narahubung / Contact Persons :
Mhd Zakiul Fikri (+62 853-2811-5510)
Muhamad Saleh (+62 821 3329 0067)
