Indonesia mendapat komitmen pendanaan transisi energi besar pada KTT G20 Bali, termasuk skema JETP dan ETM masing-masing USD 20 miliar dan USD 250-300 juta. CELIOS menyoroti beberapa isu teknis, seperti transparansi proyek, keterlibatan publik, dan pembelajaran dari pengalaman JETP Afrika Selatan. “Periode 6 bulan pertama dalam JETP sangat krusial. Partisipasi publik terutama pihak yang terdampak dari transisi energi menjadi prioritas pemerintah,” sebut laporan CELIOS.
Program pensiun dini PLTU, seperti Cirebon 1, dinilai overvalued dengan dana USD 250-300 juta untuk aset yang usia operasionalnya 40-50 tahun. CELIOS menekankan, “Dana transisi energi bisa dipakai untuk investasi di EBT. Pembagian dana kebutuhan pensiun dini PLTU vs investasi EBT harus berimbang.” Selain itu, dana ini sebaiknya tidak dipersepsikan sebagai bailout untuk oversupply listrik PLN, dan perlu revisi kontrak jual-beli listrik dengan IPP penyebab oversupply.
Untuk memastikan dampak jangka panjang, CELIOS merekomendasikan perbaikan tata kelola dan transparansi PT SMI sebagai focal point pendanaan, moratorium pembangunan PLTU baru termasuk PLTU captive serta negosiasi pembiayaan dengan negara maju atau lembaga multilateral agar terkait dengan skema debt cancellation. Setiap dana yang masuk harus memberi efek berganda terhadap tenaga kerja dan ekonomi.
Indonesia secured significant energy transition funding at the G20 Summit in Bali, including the JETP and ETM schemes with USD 20 billion and USD 250-300 million, respectively. CELIOS highlighted several technical issues, including project transparency, public involvement, and lessons learned from South Africa’s JETP experience. “The first six months of JETP are crucial. Public participation, especially of those affected by the energy transition, must be a government priority,” the CELIOS report stated.
Early retirement programs for coal plants, such as Cirebon 1, are considered overvalued, with USD 250–300 million allocated for assets with a 40-50 year operational life. CELIOS stressed, “Energy transition funds could be used for renewable energy investments. The allocation between early retirement funds and renewable energy investment must be balanced.” Additionally, these funds should not be seen as a bailout for PLN’s electricity oversupply, and electricity purchase contracts with IPPs causing the oversupply should be revised.
To ensure long-term impact, CELIOS recommends improving PT SMI’s governance and transparency as the focal point for energy transition financing, enforcing a moratorium on new coal plants including captive power plants, and negotiating funding with developed countries or multilateral institutions as part of a debt cancellation scheme. Every dollar of funding should have a multiplier effect on jobs and the economy.
