Jakarta, 5 Maret 2024–Pengembangan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Panas Bumi (PLTP) di Indonesia, meski diusung sebagai bagian dari transisi energi, menimbulkan dampak sosial dan ekonomi bagi masyarakat lokal. Bhima Yudhistira, Direktur Eksekutif CELIOS, menekankan, “Kecenderungan proyek geothermal yang padat modal tidak terlalu membawa dampak berganda terhadap ekonomi lokal. Sebaliknya, bagi ekonomi lokal kehadiran geothermal sering dipandang sebagai penghambat produktivitas di sektor pertanian dan perikanan.” Studi CELIOS memproyeksikan kerugian pendapatan petani hingga Rp470 miliar dan penurunan tenaga kerja puluhan ribu orang di beberapa lokasi di Nusa Tenggara Timur.
Selain aspek ekonomi, dampak ekologis juga signifikan. Wishnu Try Utomo, Direktur Advokasi Pertambangan CELIOS, menyatakan, “Restorasi ekologi harus dipandang sebagai bagian integral dari pengembangan sistem energi bersih dan terbarukan. Pengadaan energi tidak boleh dijajah oleh kepentingan korporasi dan harus menempatkan masyarakat sebagai pengelola sekaligus penerima manfaat sumber dayanya.” Kasus keracunan gas di Mandailing Natal dan gangguan mata pencaharian di Dieng menegaskan risiko bagi keselamatan masyarakat di sekitar PLTP.
Warga terdampak dan pegiat lingkungan menekankan perlunya pendekatan ekosentris dan adil. Agung Raihan dari Dieng menyarankan, “Sebaiknya proyek ekstraksi energi, berbasis ekosentris bukan hanya melihat sesuatu yang berharga di bawah tanah, melainkan sesuatu yang hidup di atasnya juga menjadi bagian penting untuk dipertimbangkan.” Fanny Tri Jambore Christanto, Kepala Divisi Kampanye Walhi Nasional, menambahkan, “Sistem energi geothermal juga berpotensi memperluas konflik agraria, dan meningkatkan ancaman kriminalisasi terhadap rakyat, selain ancaman kebencanaan dan pencemaran ekologi.”
The development of Geothermal Power Plants (PLTP) in Indonesia, while promoted as part of the energy transition, has significant social and economic impacts on local communities. Bhima Yudhistira, Executive Director of CELIOS, emphasized, “The tendency of capital-intensive geothermal projects does not bring widespread benefits to the local economy. On the contrary, for local economies, the presence of geothermal is often seen as a barrier to productivity in agriculture and fisheries.” CELIOS projections indicate farmer income losses of up to IDR 470 billion and a decline of tens of thousands of jobs in several sites in East Nusa Tenggara.
Beyond economic effects, ecological impacts are also significant. Wishnu Try Utomo, Director of Mining Advocacy at CELIOS, stated, “Ecological restoration must be considered an integral part of developing clean and renewable energy systems. Energy procurement must not be dominated by corporate interests and must place communities as managers and beneficiaries of their resources.” Gas poisoning incidents in Mandailing Natal and livelihood disruptions in Dieng highlight the risks to communities near PLTPs.
Local residents and environmental advocates stress the need for an eco-centric and equitable approach. Agung Raihan from Dieng advised, “Energy extraction projects should be eco-centric, considering not only what lies underground but also what lives above it.” Fanny Tri Jambore Christanto, Head of Campaign Division at Walhi Nasional, added, “The geothermal energy system also has the potential to expand agrarian conflicts and increase the criminalization of local communities, in addition to environmental hazards and ecological pollution.”
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