Legal Opinion: Risk Mitigation Framework for the Phase-Out of Coal Power Plants Operations in Indonesia’s Just Energy Transition

CELIOS menerbitkan Legal Opini Mitigasi Risiko Hukum Program Transisi Energi Pengakhiran Operasional Batubara sebagai bahan advokasi dan diskusi bersama pemangku kepentingan untuk mendorong percepatan penutupan PLTU batubara secara sah dan adil. Dokumen ini mengkaji tantangan hukum dalam pengakhiran operasional PLTU, termasuk potensi klaim finansial dan risiko kriminalisasi kebijakan transisi energi. Kajian difokuskan pada empat pertanyaan utama: definisi tindak pidana korupsi kerugian keuangan negara, potensi risiko bisnis dan keuangan dari pensiun dini PLTU batubara, langkah mitigasi risiko hukum, serta alasan mengapa konsekuensi finansial penghentian PLTU bukan merupakan tindak pidana korupsi.

Melalui analisis ini, CELIOS menegaskan bahwa percepatan pensiun dini PLTU adalah kebijakan publik yang legitimate, dengan dasar hukum yang kuat seperti Perpres No. 112 Tahun 2022, PMK No. 5 Tahun 2025, serta Pedoman Kejaksaan No. 5 Tahun 2023. Konsekuensi finansial yang muncul tidak dapat serta-merta dikategorikan sebagai kerugian negara dalam konteks tindak pidana korupsi, melainkan bagian dari risiko kebijakan yang perlu dimitigasi secara hati-hati untuk memastikan transisi energi berjalan adil dan akuntabel.

CELIOS has released a Legal Opinion on Mitigating Legal Risks in the Energy Transition Program as a basis for advocacy and dialogue with stakeholders to push for the lawful and just closure of coal-fired power plants (CFPPs). The document examines key legal challenges in terminating CFPP operations, including potential financial claims and the risk of criminalizing energy transition policies. The analysis is structured around four central questions: what constitutes state financial losses under anti-corruption law, whether early coal retirement poses business and financial risks, how to mitigate legal risks in CFPP closures, and why the financial consequences of early retirement should not be treated as corruption.

Through this study, CELIOS underscores that accelerating coal retirement is a legitimate public policy, backed by strong legal foundations such as Presidential Regulation No. 112/2022, Ministry of Finance Regulation No. 5/2025, and Prosecutor’s Guideline No. 5/2023. Any financial consequences arising from CFPP closures cannot be automatically classified as state losses in the context of corruption, but should instead be recognized as policy risks that must be carefully managed to ensure a fair and accountable energy transition.

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